為有效規(guī)范我國沿海航行船舶航行航法，有效防范商漁船碰撞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，預(yù)防商漁船碰撞事故，日前，中國海事局發(fā)布了《中國沿海航行船舶防范商漁船碰撞安全指引》（以下簡稱《指引》），請各航運(yùn)公司和船舶抓緊落實(shí)。

《指引》是在認(rèn)真分析中國沿海水域習(xí)慣航線與漁船作業(yè)集中水域的交叉、漁船航行作業(yè)習(xí)慣、商漁船碰撞多發(fā)時(shí)間、商漁船碰撞主要原因等段等多方面因素的基礎(chǔ)上，廣泛研究和征求意見后制定的。

《指引》分別從航行航法、避讓行動(dòng)、應(yīng)急救助三方面作了詳細(xì)的指導(dǎo)，特別是商船進(jìn)入漁船密集區(qū)前、航經(jīng)或鄰近漁船密集區(qū)時(shí)航行航法，提出了具體的要求。同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)了避讓行動(dòng)和應(yīng)急救助所須采取的措施。對商漁船碰撞的防范和碰撞后救助義務(wù)等事宜都有重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)。

《指引》分中文和英文兩種版本，對在中國沿海航行的外國籍商船，特別是不熟悉中國沿海水域外國籍船員在中國沿海水域航行時(shí)，有針對性的指導(dǎo)，對外國籍船員指揮操縱的外國籍船舶在中國沿海水域航行時(shí)，防止商漁船碰撞有著重要的意義。

1. 船長應(yīng)嚴(yán)格審核計(jì)劃航線，盡量使用推薦公共航路合理制定航線，盡可能避開漁船集中作業(yè)水域，減少與漁船相遇的機(jī)會(huì)。

2. 對雷達(dá)、電子海圖、AIS、VDR、VHF、航行燈和聲號等設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢查和測試，確保正?？捎?。

3. 合理安排駕駛臺航行值班人員，任何時(shí)候駕駛臺應(yīng)保持至少2名航行值班和了望瞭望人員。

4. 應(yīng)在駕駛臺顯著位置標(biāo)識漁區(qū)航行安全注意事項(xiàng)及相應(yīng)行動(dòng)對策。

1. 駕駛?cè)藛T謹(jǐn)記：安全第一、寧可繞行、不要冒險(xiǎn)！盡可能避免冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入漁船密集區(qū)域航行！

2. 合理安排值班人員，根據(jù)周圍漁船密集程度和航行值班強(qiáng)度增加必要的航行值班人員，必要時(shí)應(yīng)毫不猶豫立即呼叫船長上駕駛臺指揮。

3. 船長應(yīng)針對夜間漁區(qū)航行的特殊戒備要求制定和發(fā)布夜航命令。

4. 航行值班人員應(yīng)加強(qiáng)瞭望，開啟多臺雷達(dá)工作，加強(qiáng)遠(yuǎn)近距離配合觀測。勿過度依賴單一助航設(shè)備，每一船舶均應(yīng)經(jīng)常用視覺、聽覺以及適合當(dāng)時(shí)環(huán)境和情況下一切有效的手段保持正規(guī)了望。

5. 使用安全航速航行。

6. 確保AIS信息正確且工作正常。

7. 杜絕疲勞駕駛、酒后駕駛。

1. 每年伏季休漁結(jié)束后，是中國沿海漁船活動(dòng)密度最高時(shí)段。

2. 夜間23時(shí)至次日凌晨4時(shí)是商漁船碰撞事故高發(fā)時(shí)段，應(yīng)予以特別關(guān)注。

3. 應(yīng)特別注意部分夜間錨泊漁船可能未按要求值班、顯示號燈和開啟AIS。還要特別注意大量漁網(wǎng)網(wǎng)位儀對AIS、雷達(dá)回波和電子海圖的使用干擾。

4. 若觀測到漁船船速在3節(jié)左右時(shí)，通常該漁船正在捕魚作業(yè)中，操作能力受限，需要及早協(xié)調(diào)避讓,最好保持1海里以上距離通過。

5. 商船與漁船即使發(fā)生輕微擦碰也可能造成漁船受損或翻沉，并且商船上的人員可能不容易察覺。因此，當(dāng)近距離駛過漁船時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)觀察，確保未發(fā)生擦碰、浪損或船吸。

6.建議從南海南部水域前往日本或韓國港口、不?？恐袊箨懷睾８劭诘拇皬呐_灣島東側(cè)水域航行，并盡量遠(yuǎn)離中國大陸沿海水域。

（一）應(yīng)遵守避碰規(guī)則，避讓時(shí)堅(jiān)持“早、大、寬、清”。嘗試提前通過VHF16頻道呼叫漁船，協(xié)調(diào)避讓行動(dòng)。若數(shù)次呼叫嘗試無應(yīng)答，可能意味著該漁船VHF未在守聽狀態(tài)。溝通時(shí)要充分考慮口音、語言表達(dá)等方面的局限，確保雙方互相清楚對方意圖。

（二）警惕漁船近距離的不協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)而發(fā)生碰撞。發(fā)現(xiàn)需緊急避讓的漁船，可用探照燈閃爍至少5次，或用連續(xù)聲號引起漁船注意。

（三）緊急避讓時(shí)，除用舵避讓外，應(yīng)同時(shí)考慮減速停車避讓。

（四）避讓行動(dòng)要充分考慮周圍環(huán)境，以免造成與其他船舶的緊迫局面。

（一）在碰撞不可避免時(shí)，應(yīng)盡可能避免本船船首與漁船正面撞擊。

（二）發(fā)生碰撞事故后應(yīng)立即停船，將人命救助置于首位，全力實(shí)施救助。全部遇險(xiǎn)人員脫險(xiǎn)前，只要不嚴(yán)重威及自身安全，嚴(yán)禁放棄搜救擅自駛離現(xiàn)場。在海上該行為意味著對他人生命的放棄，將面臨法律的嚴(yán)懲！切莫心存僥幸，借助當(dāng)前的技術(shù)手段，肇事逃逸船舶幾乎都被追蹤查獲。

（三）立即呼叫周邊船舶參與救助。

（四）通過一切有效途徑，立即向就近的主管機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)告，報(bào)告內(nèi)容包含事故發(fā)生位置、遇險(xiǎn)船舶名稱、人員傷亡情況、船舶受損情況、天氣海況、救助需求等。

每位參加航行值班人員均應(yīng)熟知上述內(nèi)容。

1. Normal Navigational Methods

1.1.1 The captain should strictly checkexamine passage planthe Voyage Plan, as far as practicable adopt the recommended route as much as possible when planning the route,  and try the best to avoid entering the fishing vessels concentrated waters, so as to reduce the chance of encountering with fishing vessels.

1.1.2 Examine and test navigational aids and communication equipment such as RADAR, ECDIS/ECS, AIS, VDR, VHF, Navigational lights and sound-signalling equipment to ensure that all are in goodsound working condition.

1.1.3 Reasonably arrange crewsMake proper arrangement on navigational watch. There should be at least 2 crew members engaged on the bridgewatch at any timeall times on navigating watch and look-out.

1.1.4 The navigation sSafety precautions and corresponding actions guide for navigating in the fishing area should be clearly posted at a prominent position on the bridge.

1.2.1 It should be borne in mind that: Safety First, Don't take risks, Take a detour! As far as practicable Aavoid to sail intoentering the waters where fishing vessels are concentrated the fishing boats concentrated area as much as possible.

1.2.2 The crew on navigational watch should be reasonably arrangedAppropriate bridge watch arrangement shall be made.,The number of bridge team may be increased a sufficient number of qualified personnel should be increasedaccording to the high traffic density of fishing vessels and the duty intensity of navigation watch. Don’t hesitate to call the captain to the bridge immediatelyany time indoubt. when necessary.

1.2.3 The captain should set and announceissue the Nnight Oorders in response to the special precautionary requirements for  sailingthe safe navigation in fishing area at the night time.

1.2.4 The crew on navigational watchBridge should keep sharp look-out, turn onuse two or more radars  to obtain early warning of risk of collision by long-range and short-range scanning. Do not rely too much on a single navigational aids, every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions. 

1.2.5 Proceed at a safe speed at all times.

1.2.6 Make sure the AIS messageinformation is correctupdated and the device is in good working condition.

1.2.7 All measures shall be taken to avoid Nwatchkeepers to work avigation in fatigue andor after drinking should be absolutely prohibited.

1.3.1 When the summer fishing offmoratorium ends,usually it is the time when the density of fishing vessels is highest.

1.3.2 Based on accident statistics, frommost collisions between merchant vessels and fishing vessels occur in the period between 23:00 (GMT+8)toand 04:00. the next day is the High-frequency time of merchant ship and fishing boat collision accident,tTherefore special attention should be given in this duration.

1.3.3 Special attention should also be paid to some fishing vessels anchored at night which might be without any crewnot arrange watchkeeper on watch, not or display proper display lights andor turnhave operational  onAIS as required, and also to the interference from a largethe excessivenumberuse of AIS-Net-Locators on the use of AIS, Radar and ECDIS/ECSfishing nets or fishing marks.

1.3.4 When a fishing vessel is observed sailingproceeding at the speed around 3 knots, she is possibly engaged in fishing and restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, keep clear at least 1 nautical milea safe distance when is necessaryever possible.

1.3.5 Even a slight collision or contact between a merchant vessel and a fishing vessel might cause damage to or capsize the fishing vessel and cause subsequent damage to both the vessel and her crew. Howeverit is sometimes hard to be observed by watchkeepers on merchant vessesls, and might be neglected by the crew of merchant vessel. Therefore, When passing a fishing vessel at close range, great care should be taken to ensure that there is no collision, wave damage or vessel suction.observe and check carefully to ensure that there is no scraping, wave damage or boat suction, when passing a fishing boat at a close range.

1.3.6 It is recommended that vessels sailing from the southern parts of the South China Sea to Japanese or Korean ports, and vessels that do not call at Chinese ports, proceed from the waters east of Taiwan Island and try to stay away from the coastal waters of China.

2.1 Comply with the COLREG 1972,.aAny action to avoid collision shall be taken in ample time,.The alteration of course and/or speed shall be large enough.Action taken to avoid collision shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance until the other vessel is past and clear., ample range and clear. Try to coordinate the collision avoidance actions through VHF CH16; however if there is no answeringresponse from the fishing vessel after several calls, it might means that the fishing vessel is notdoes not maintain listening watch stand by no on theVHFsuch channel. When communicating with VHF, give a full consideration to the limitations of accent and language expression, andand ensure that both parties are clear about each other's their intentions.

2.2 Watch out for possible collisions caused by fishing boats in uncoordinated actions taken byr fishing vessels at close distancerange. When finding a fishing vessel that needs emergency collision avoidance actions, flash the searchlightgive at least 5  timesshort and rapid flashes by ALDIS light, or use a continuous sound signal to attract theher attention of the fishing boat.

2.3 In an emergency  avoidancesituation, you should also consider reducing speed andor stopping enginethe vessel to avoid collision in addition to using the rudderthe alteration of course.

2.4 Action to avoid collision should decided fully take into account giving fullconsiderations tothe surrounding conditions, so as not toso that such action will not result in any close-quarter situations with any other vessels.

3.1 When a collision is unavoidable, it should be avoided as far as possible that the bow of your own vessel is heading to the fishing vessel.

3.2 The vessel should be stopped immediately after a collision. Life-saving rescue should be put at first priority and no effort should be sparedall endeavors shall be made to carry out the on-site rescue. Before all people in distress are saved, as long as your own safety is not severely threatened.,It is strictly forbidden to give up search and rescue and leave the scene without authorization it is strictly forbidden to escape. Such behavior at sea means giving up the lives of others and will face severe punishment by law! Nothing can be left to chance， aAided by the modern technology, almost all escapedhit-and-run ships after a collision will be tracked and seizeddown.

3.3 Immediately call the vessels nearbyin the vicinity to involve in attend to the rescue operations. 

3.4 By all effective means, report to the nearest competent authority immediately. The contents of thissuch reportshould include the location of the accident, the name of the vessel in distress, casualties, damage, weather and sea conditions, rescue needs, etc..